TCP (transmission control protocol) and how tcp/ip works with the help of diagram

transmission control protocol:-

TCP is responsible for ensuring correct delivery of data from computer to computer. Because data can be lost in the network, TCP adds support to detect errors or lost data and to trigger retransmission until the data is correctly and completely received. The transmission control protocol(tcp) is a transport layer protocol. it provides connection datagram service between processes.

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is most widely used transport protocol 
• Provides reliable data delivery by using IP unreliable datagram delivery 
• Compensates for loss, delay, duplication and similar problems in Internet components 
• Connection oriented: Application requests connection to destination and then uses connection to deliver data to transfer data .
• Point-to-point: A TCP connection has two endpoints 
• Reliability: TCP guarantees data will be delivered without loss, duplication or transmission errors 
• Full duplex: The endpoints of a TCP    connection can exchange data in both directions simultaneously 
• Stream interface: Application delivers data to TCP as a continuous stream, with no record boundaries; TCP makes no guarantees that data will be received in same blocks as transmitted 
• Reliable connection startup: Three-way handshake guarantees reliable, synchronized startup between endpoints.
• Graceful connection shutdown: TCP  guarantees delivery of all data after endpoint shutdown by application
• TCP travels in IP datagrams .
•     Internet routers only look at IP header to forward datagrams .
•     TCP at destination interprets TCP messages.

 How TCP/IP works:-

Computers are first connected to their Local Area Network (LAN). TCP/IP shares the

LAN with other systems such as file servers, web servers and so on. The hardware

connects via a network connection that has it's own hard coded unique address –

called a MAC (Media Access Control) address. The client is either assigned an

address, or requests one from a server. Once the client has an address they can

communicate, via IP, to the other clients on the network. As mentioned above, IP is

used to send the data, while TCP verifies that it is sent correctly.

When a client wishes to connect to another computer outside the LAN, they generally

go through a computer called a Gateway (mentioned above). The gateway's job is to

find and store routes to destinations. It does this through a series of broadcast

messages sent to other gateways and servers nearest to it. They in turn could

broadcast for a route. This procedure continues until a computer somewhere says "Oh

yeah, I know how to get there." This information is then relayed to the first

gateway that now has a route the client can use.