NETWORK SECURITY CRYTOGRAPHY AND ITS PROCESS

Q.1 WHAT IS NETWORK SECURITY? EXPLAIN CRYTOGRAPHY?

A.1 NETWORK SECURITY:-

Network security is “keeping information private and secure from unauthorized users”.

security problems can be divided roughly into four intertwined areas: secrecy, authentication, nonrepudiation, and integrity control.

• Secrecy has to do with keeping information out of the hands of unauthorized users.
• Authentication deals with whom you’re talking to before revealing sensitive information or entering into a 
  business deal.
  

• No repudiation deals with signatures.
• Integrity control deals with long enterprises like banking, online networking.

These problems can be handled by using cryptography, which provides means and methods of converting data into unreadable form, so that Valid User can access Information at the Destination. 

 

2. CRYTOGRAPHY:

Cryptography is the science of using mathematics to encrypt and decrypt data. Cryptography enables you to store sensitive information or transmit it across insecure networks (like the Internet, mobiles) so that it cannot be read by anyone except the intended recipient. While cryptography is the science of securing data, cryptanalysis is the science of analyzing and breaking secure communication. Cryptanalysts are also called attackers. Cryptology embraces both cryptography and cryptanalysis.

                                                                                                Cryptography process

CRYPTOGRAPHY

The term cryptology has its origin in Greek kryptos logos, which means “hidden word.” Cryptography is the science of protecting data

• Cryptography Process:
  • Plain text: The messages to be encrypted known as plain text or clear text.

• Encryption: The process of producing cipher text is called Encryption.

• Cipher text: Encrypted message is called cipher text.
• Decryption: The process of retrieving the plain text from thecipher text is called decryption.

Encryption and decryption usually make use of a key, i.e. the messages to be encrypted are transformed by a function that is parameterized by a key. The art of breaking ciphers is called cryptanalysis.

The art of devising ciphers (cryptography) and breaking them (cryptanalysis) is collectively known as cryptology.

APPLICATIONS OF CRYPTOGRAPHY

• Defense Services
• Secure Data Manipulation
• E – Commerce
• Business Transactions
• Internet Payment Systems
• Pass Phrasing Secure Internet Comm.
• User Identification Systems
• Access Control
• Computational Security
• Secure access to Corp Data
• Data Security.

APPLICATIONS OF NETWORK SECURITY

Computer networks were primarily used by university researchers for sending email, and by corporate employees for sharing printers. Under these conditions, security did not get a lot of attention. But now, as millions of ordinary citizens are using networks for:

• Banking
• Shopping
• Filling their tax returns.

CRYPTOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES 

Based on Layers

• Link layer encryption
• Network layer encryption
• IPSEC, VPN, SKIP
• Transport layer
• SSL, PCT (Private Communication Technology)
• Application layer
• PEM (Privacy Enhanced Mail)
• PGP (Pretty Good Privacy)
• SHTTP

Cryptographic process can be implemented at various layers starting from the link Layer all the way up to the application layer. The most popular encryption scheme is SSL and it is implemented at the transport layer. If the encryption is done at the transport layer, any application that is running on the top of the transport layer can be protected.